Julius Caesar and Brutus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1318 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Julius Caesar Essay Did you like this example? Most of the western world today has some form of idealism incorporated into it today. In America, it is in the form of the pursuit of happiness and the American dream. In many ways, idealism can be great for our world as well, but idealism has its inherent flaws that are tied to the very principles it is based upon. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Julius Caesar and Brutus" essay for you Create order In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare uses rhetoric, dramatic irony, and the characters of Cassius and Brutus to reveal with vivid strokes how idealism undermines our capacity to comprehend different outcomes and forces us down a path of societal distress. Idealism limits our capability to think and therefore lowers our potential as human beings. Shakespeare effectively shows this through conversations between Cassius and Brutus. Brutus is the embodiment of idealism because of his patriotism for Rome and his belief in Rome and its people. Cassius, on the other hand, is cunning and is able to use this patriotism in that is in Brutus to further his own agenda and specific goals. â€Å"Men at some time are masters of their fates. The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves† (21). This illustrates how simple it was to convince Brutus to kill Caesar. All Cassius needed to do was touch upon Brutus’ ego every so slightly in order to promote thought that showed him a picture of a world where he, Brutus, was the ruler and how amazing that world could be for Rome. Cassius also cunningly puts forth the idea that we have control over our own fate, and if we want something we need to accomplish it ourselves. The faul t is not in our stars, suggests that no one is born to rule, we need to earn that right which Caesar has not. Brutus now could not look past this ideal world that he had created in his head and kept comparing it to the one with Caesar. He was debating whether or not to kill Caesar but not once did he reevaluate his position with Cassius that Caesar was ambitious. His ideal world limited the scope of his thinking an ultimately lead him to the killing of Caesar. â€Å"Like wrath in death and envy afterwards†¦ Let us be sacrificers but not butchers, Caius.† (61) Brutus’ limited thought process is explicitly shown here as well, he is not able to see beyond the point that it would be wrong to kill Marc Antony simply because he was a close friend of Caesar. He saw that in his ideal world Marc Antony would not have to be killed, instead, Antony could play an instrumental part in convincing the Roman people that the killing of Caesar was necessary. But in reality, Brutus had been warned multiple times by Cassius that Marc Antony should be killed or at least not allowed to speak. Cassius tried to explain to Brutus that Marc Antony if allowed to speak to the Roman public, could wreak havoc to an already volatile situation but because of his strong ideals and beliefs, Brutus was left unmoved. This vividly illustrates that idealism can seriously hinder our abilities to think forward and significantly decreases our potential as human beings. Idealism is easily manipulated to further one’s own agenda and self-centered views. With the objective of convincing a man to turn his back on his friend, Cassius focuses on two specific strategies. First to prompt Brutus’ sense of civic responsibility and to weaken Brutus’ devotion to Caesar. First, Cassius uses devices such as contradiction and dramatic comparisons. He points out Caesars shortcomings and contrasts him to fellow men, showing no difference between Caesar and ordinary men in comparison. This implies that Caesar is just as likely to become corrupted with power, despite him being treated as a god. One example of this is Cassius’ constant comparing Caesar with Brutus. â€Å" â€Å"Brutus† and â€Å"Caesar†Ã¢â‚¬â€what should be in that/ â€Å"Caesar†? Why should that name be sounded more than/ yours?†(23, Shakespeare). He forces Brutus to question whether such ordinary and weak men deserve to hold such power, well c ontinually flattering Brutus. Once Brutus starts to believe that Caesar doesn’t actually have the kind of power that is implied, he starts thinking that Caesar is actually not fit to lead. In reality, Cassius is jealous of Caesar’s power and even the close relationship that Brutus and Caesar have. Cassius always wanted to be part of Caesar’s inner circle and be part of the decision-making process as well, this never actually happened though and Cassius sought revenge in the form of breaking the relationship between Brutus and Caesar as well as seizing all of Caesar’s power. Cassius used Brutus to pursue his personal vendetta and Brutus has fallen into his trap. Cassius is aware that knowing the audience is essential to successfully persuading. When Brutus uses the word honor twice in eight lines, emphasizing the weight he places on honor. Cassius quickly takes advantage of this. â€Å"I know that virtue to be in you, Brutus,/ As well as I do know your outward favor./ Well, honor is the subject of my story.†(19) He also emphasizes other words that Brutus resonates with, such as â€Å"free† and â€Å"Rome† as Brutus is a patriot and is willing to do anything for his country. In this way, Cassius is able to manipulate Brutus via his beliefs and is able to further his own agenda. When government officials have separate agendas, horrible consequences may ensue. Although idealism can be a great force for change, it leads to too much change too quickly, which can effectively destroy a whole civilization. As we can see, after the murder of Julius Caesar the Roman civilization has been split up into two sides and has been pushed into a bloody war. To the idealist, reality can never be good enough, and this is the underlying problem we see with people today and especially with Brutus. â€Å"A man of such a feeble temper should / So get the start of the majestic world / And bear the palm alone.†(21) As Cassius explains that Caesar is weak and anyone can replace him, Brutus does not realize all the good Caesar has already done, he is not able to see past Cassius’ and figure out the real motivations Cassius has. Idealists are never content with what they have and will always look into a narrow scope of the future. This is precisely what happened with Brutus, he didn’t stop and think that during Caesar’s reign Rome had fi nally become powerful, prosperous and most of all stable. He only wanted to see Rome for what it could be and not what it is. With hindsight, we know that the conspirators pushed for too many results too quickly, without the proper planning. The outcome expected by the idealist Brutus was far from the real outcome and goes to show how detrimental idealism can be. Shakespeare is able to highlight the fact that if Brutus had listened to Cassius and his thorough analysis of what would happen if Marc Antony was allowed to speak to the Roman public, the conspirators would have prevailed. This was the turning point in the drama and emphasized the importance of cynicism in a person. At the end of Act 5, almost everyone is dead as a consequence of idealism and indecision between Brutus and Cassius. In theory, idealism is a great force for change in our modern world, where people are distressed by the status quo and need something to change. But the degree of idealism in our society is actually quite distressing. People need to be prepared for the future, a safe degree of idealism is essential but after that, it starts to hinder our ability to prepare ourselves for the future. There needs to be a delicate balance between idealism and cynicism in our lives in order to live an untroubled and comfortable life.

Consumer Harm High Bar - 931 Words

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Department of Public Expenditure and Reform

Questions: 1. Why can this study be viewed as a social science experiment? 2. What is the sample frame used in this study? 3. What is the function of the control group in this experimental study? 4. The experiment entailed mailing out four different types of letters to potential voters (in experimental design, this would be categorized as the treatment). Explain the rationale underlying the message of each of the four categories of letters. Why were each of the letters articulated the way they were? 5. After reviewing the results of the experiment on voting behavior, articulate a theory of voting behavior that explains the results achieved. 6. What ethical questions can be raised about the way this study was carried out? Answer: 1. A social science experiment is one that is conducted on human subjects in the real world scenario to research and understand the effects of a policy intervention. Unlike laboratory or medical experiments, in social experiments the researchers have only control of the randomization of the subjects (Augenblick, 2016). The given experiment stands true to this definition. The researchers have randomized the letters that would be sent to the groups and have not really controlled any of the other situations of the subjects. The idea was to understand which of the ideas implemented would motivate people to vote more and why the turn out for election voting was low (Kumar, 2013). 2. A sampling frame is one from which the sample is drawn. In simpler words it is the source of the sample. This frame provides the list of population that can be sampled and is usually dependent on the survey planner (Marsh, 2012). In our case, the sample frame was the 180,000 voters of Michigan that were used as the source by the political scientists Alan Gerber, Donald Green and Christopher Larimer to conduct the social science experiment. The sampling frame hence is the electoral register that has the list of all the voters (Razman, 2016). And also the records that maintain the participation of voting of each individual. 3. Control group is used as a measuring parameter in any experimental study. The members of the control group are excluded of the testing scenario but however are observed. They act as the benchmark to understand how the group that is being tested is performing. The function of the control group in this scenario is to help the scientists understand how the population would have reacted if they have not received the letters (Costa, 2015). This helped them analyse the change in behavioural pattern on the groups that received letters which was then compared to the control group 4. The experiment in question was more on the psychological front of the voters mind. It was an attempt to understand why the voting population has drastically reduced. To increase the number of voters it was also necessary to understand what would push the voters to enrol and be an active part of the elections. This study has hence divided the test group in to 4 and provided a different treatment for each. The first group was reminded of their civic duty, showing them voting was a responsibility (Gerber, 2013). The design on the letter suggests a mere transmission of information. The second group where told that they were under radar crumbing them to a small amount of social pressure. The style of writing and the plain design of the letter would here act a little intimidating. The third group was much more informed than the second. They were told about their own voting patterns. Highlighting the fact that they have not voted earlier could mean that the voters were made aware of the possible action that they could take. The design of the letter here is a informative yet not overwhelming study. The fourth group however were given a letter that let them know that their neighbours knew if they voted before and will know they voted in the present election (Wafula, 2015). This was more of a provocative message that has indeed seen maximum results given that the voting pattern increased by 27%. The idea behind the survey itself is to find what motivates the voters to actively participate in the polls 5. Being publically watched can be a strong motivator especially in casting votes. Truly stated in the article, there was a time when voting was public and supporting a leader in public is considered a pride. The steps of the survey are also on similar lines. The more the voters are told that voting would be a public record the more they are likely to vote. A Theory of Voting Equilibria by Roger B. Myerson and Robert J. Weber may not directly respond to this but is indeed an understanding of how the voters potential to vote varies in a potential environment. 6. One of the prime issues with the study is that the subjects were not informed clearly about the research in question, the purpose, the motive and the reason of the same. The subjects were made aware that their information is being tracked but not that their reaction would be tracked too. It is true indeed that informing the subjects of the same would be against the motive of the research as the subjects may try to control the output (Nielsen, 2014). However, the same is still an ethical issue. One other problem ethically is that voting information was informed to neighbours of the subject in question and vice-versa without the consent of the subject. Utilitarianism theory of ethics supports the fact that the research was not disclosed to the subjects for greater good but from the subject point of view it is still an issue. References Augenblick, N. and Nicholson, S., 2016. Ballot Position, Choice Fatigue, and Voter Behaviour. The Review of Economic Studies, 83(2), pp.460-480. Costa, P. and Ferreira da Silva, F., 2015. The impact of voter evaluations of leaders traits on voting behaviour: Evidence from seven European Countries. West European Politics, 38(6), pp.1226-1250. Gerber, A.S., Huber, G.A., Doherty, D. and Dowling, C.M., 2013. Is there a secret ballot? Ballot secrecy perceptions and their implications for voting behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 43(01), pp.77-102. Kumar, S. and Rai, P., 2013. Measuring Voter Behaviour in India. Sage. Marsh, M., Suiter, J. and Reidy, T., 2012. Report on reasons behind voter behaviour in the Oireachtas inquiry Referendum 2011. Dublin: Department of Public Expenditure and Reform. Filling the void, 49. Nielsen, J.H., 2014. Why use experiments in EU studiesquest. Comparative European Politics. Razman, M.R., Ramli, Z. and Zakaria, S.Z.S., 2016. Behaviour Analysis of General Election in the Province of Riau, Indonesia. International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information, 19(7A), p.2565. Wafula, J.O., 2015. Voter Behaviour in General Elections in Kenya, 1992-2007: Implications for the Development of Liberal Democracy (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).